Exposures to Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) in Polyurethane Foam Plants: Report on 12 TDI Sensitized Workmen

Two cases of paraoccupational asthma due to toluene diisocyanate (TDI).

Two cases of paraoccupational asthma caused by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) are reported. The first patient was a metal worker in a machine shop situated near a factory producing polyurethane foam. Symptoms at work were not explainable by any specific exposure to irritants or allergens in the work site. As the patient recalled previous occasional work in the adjacent polyurethane factory with acc...

Experimental model of asthma by toluene diisocyanate (TDI).

Epidemiology of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced respiratory disease.

This paper describes our experience with the respiratory effects of TDI. Five respiratory reactions attributable to TDI are described with supporting evidence. The reactions are sensitization, irritation from overexposure, acute loss of ventilatory capacity, accelerated loss of pulmonary function and induction of a general asthmatic state. Evidence is presented that suggests a safe exposure level.

Heterogeneity of IgE response to TDI-HSA conjugates by ELISA in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) -induced occupational asthma (OA) patients.

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a low molecular weight reactive chemical, is known to be a main cause of occupational asthma (OA) in Korea. Although it is thought that inhaled TDI may act as a hapten, the precise mechanisms of TDI-induced OA are unknown. In this study, TDI-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates (5, 10, 20 and 30 min) were prepared in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 TDI mole/HSA mole. Specifi...

Biological monitoring of TDI-derived amines in polyurethane foam production.

BACKGROUND Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is used in industry in the production of flexible polyurethane foam, commonly a mixture of the 2,4- and 2,6- isomers. The production process may lead to exposure to diisocyanates which are associated with respiratory disease. A method has been available for the determination of TDI biomarkers in urine for some years. AIMS To explore the usefulness of urin...